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The study is being conducted to compare whether an optical correction of bifocal spectacle lenses (BFL) or single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL) is more effective for the treatment of children with esotropia greater at near. Children will be randomized to be treated with BFLs or SVLs for 3 years and be evaluated at regular intervals throughout the study to determine whether their condition has worsened.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the retina, an integral part of the eye responsible for sensing light and relaying images to the brain. In the United States, AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss as people age. Previous studies have shown that the nutrients lutein and zeaxanthin can help protect against AMD in middle aged and older adults. These nutrients form a pigment in the retina (macular pigment) that helps protect the retina from light damage.